One popular form is the divan or daybed, which can serve as a seat during the day and a bed at night and another is the convertible sofa that unfolds to become a bed. One of the main features of bed design in the 20th century was the tendency to abandon the traditional, standard-size double or matrimonial, bed in favour of two smaller single or twin-size, beds or a larger queen- or king-size. During the second half of the 19th century, metal bedsteads became common, first made of cast iron, subsequently of brass tubing. With the development of coiled springs, which were first fitted into mattresses in the 1820s, bed comfort was transformed. The curtains became lighter, being made of taffeta or satin, for example, instead of the heavy brocades and velvets of the 17th century. In the 17th century the appearance of the bed was determined by its hangings, but in the 18th the frame became visible again, appropriately carved and gilded. No fewer than 413, some of great splendour, were described in the inventory of Louis XIV's palaces. The second half of the 17th through the early 18th century was a period of magnificent beds.
Reproduction of early 18th-century chintz bedspread and hangings from India in the Victoria and 1/4 During the first half of the 17th century, two types of beds were made, one with a heavy carved frame and the other with a light framework and elaborate hangings by the middle of the century the latter had become prevalent in England and Europe. In France the taste for such beds hardly survived the beginning of the 17th century, when they disappeared again behind precious fabrics but in England the carved oak or walnut bedstead with paneled and inlaid bedhead and tester continued into the first half of the 17th century. A well-known English Elizabethan bed is the Great Bed of Ware (Victoria and Albert Museum, London), which is 10 feet 11 inches (3.33 m) square. During the 16th century, beds became more decorative, with much carved work on the bedhead and bedposts.
A remarkable feature of these beds was their size, as large as 8 by 7 feet (240 by 210 cm) it has been supposed that several people slept in them. Fifteenth-century western European beds had a paneled back with carved columns at the front corners, supporting a canopy or tester, from which hung curtains that enclosed the four bedposts. At first curtains were used only for the bed of the lord and his lady, but later they were also used for the beds of those in their immediate entourage. To keep out drafts the bed was enclosed with curtains suspended from the ceiling. In 12th-century manuscripts, much richer bedsteads appear, with inlay, carving and painting and embroidered coverlets and mattresses.
As shown on early medieval ivories and miniatures, even the beds of princes were remarkably simple. They were either solid constructions built into the wall or lighter objects made of wood or metal or a combination of both consisting of a couch supported on four legs with a low headboard at one end. In ancient civilizations (and, indeed, in Europe until the later Middle Ages), beds were used not merely for sleeping but also, except in Egypt, for reclining when taking meals. piece of furniture upon which a person may recline or sleep, for many centuries considered the most important piece of furniture in the house and a prized status symbol. put to sleep take to bed have sex with provide with bed and beddingĢ.
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